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Common mistakes

Would you have made these?

Each card is something a real learner said. Decide whether it’s right before you read why — most of them sound right, which is exactly what makes them common. Every one is taken apart in a lesson.

Judge each claim before you read why. 31 to try.

Major vs minor: why some music sounds happy and some sad10 mistakes

“The black keys are just extra notes — the white ones are the real ones.”

Sound right?

“C to D and E to F are the same size step — they're next to each other in the alphabet.”

Sound right?

“If you sing it starting on a higher note, it's not really the same song any more.”

Sound right?

“Some notes are sad notes and some are happy ones.”

Sound right?

“Major and minor chords must be made of completely different notes.”

Sound right?

“A minor chord is just the same chord played lower down, or more quietly.”

Sound right?

“Minor keys are the ones where you play the black keys.”

Sound right?

“C major and A minor use exactly the same notes, so they're really the same scale.”

Sound right?

“It's in a minor key, so it's a sad song.”

Sound right?

“Minor sounds sad to everyone, everywhere — it's built into the notes themselves.”

Sound right?

Why compound growth is bigger than it looks10 mistakes

“The interest is paid on the money I put in, not on the interest it's already made.”

Sound right?

“10% a year on £1,000 is £100 a year, so after 30 years I'd have about £4,000.”

Sound right?

“£1,000 can double quickly, but a million would take far longer to double.”

Sound right?

“At 7% a year it'll take about 14 years to double — 100 divided by 7.”

Sound right?

“After 20 of the 40 years I'll be about halfway to the final amount.”

Sound right?

“If it grew £1,000 in the first ten years, it'll grow about £1,000 in each ten years after that.”

Sound right?

“Starting ten years later out of forty only costs me about a quarter of the final amount.”

Sound right?

“If I start late I can just put the same amount in later and end up in the same place.”

Sound right?

“A 1% fee is nothing — it's only 1% of what I've got.”

Sound right?

“7% against 5% — that's only 2% more, so I'd end up with a bit more, not twice as much.”

Sound right?

Average vs median: when the average misleads you11 mistakes

“The average salary there is £80,000, so most people must earn somewhere around £80,000.”

Sound right?

He's only one person out of hundreds, so his pay can't shift the average by much.

Sound right?

“Mean, median, average — they're all just different words for the same thing.”

Sound right?

“If the best-paid person gets a big rise, the median pay goes up too.”

Sound right?

“Mean or median, it hardly matters — they'll be within a few percent of each other anyway.”

Sound right?

“Only a handful of people earn millions, so they can't be what's pushing the average income up.”

Sound right?

“If the average and the median are that far apart, somebody must have got the figures wrong.”

Sound right?

“If I want to know what a normal nurse earns, I'll look up the average nurse's salary.”

Sound right?

“The median is the honest figure. Anyone who quotes the mean is trying to fool you.”

Sound right?

“Seven in ten staff are paid less than the average? Then seven in ten are being underpaid.”

Sound right?

“Just tell me the average salary and I'll know what I'd be paid there.”

Sound right?